MGSLG. (2020). Module 4 Unit 5

Ovarian and menstrual cycles

  • Series of events occurring in the ovary and uterus
  • An ovum is matured and released by the ovary
  • The endometrium builds up in preparation for implantation
  • Over a 28-day period


Ovarian cycle and hormone control


  • Day 1: hypophysis secretes FSH
  • This stimulates the growth of the Graafian Follicle in the ovary
  • Day 7 - 14
  • As levels of FSH increase  in blood so the Follicle grows and matures
  • It fills with fluid causing the follicle to swell
  • The follicle secretes oestrogen
  • This prepares the endometrium for implantation
  • The endometrium becomes thick and vascular
  • Day 12: the hypophysis stops secreting FSH and starts secreting Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
  • Day 14 : OVULATION
  • The Graafian follicle ruptures
  • Secondary oocyte is released
  • The Corpus  Luteum (yellow body) develops from the  Graafian follicle
  • Day 17 – 28: The Corpus Luteum secretes progesterone
  • This along with oestrogen  this increases the thickness of the endometrium
  • If fertilization occurs then levels of oestrogen and progesterone stay high
  • If fertilization does not occur then:
  • Levels of LH and drop causing the Corpus Luteum  to degenerate
  • Thus, levels of oestrogen and progesterone in the blood drop
  • Day 28: This causes the endometrial lining of the uterus to tear away and then the cycle begins again

Last modified: Wednesday, 17 March 2021, 6:57 AM